Green's heroics came after Shai Gilgeous-Alexander swished two free throws with two seconds left in regulation to force overtime and cap a 14-point comeback.
Kentucky posted its third consecutive win.
The Wildcats (17-5, 6-3 Southeastern Conference) got a career-best 30 points from Gilgeous-Alexander, including 24 in the second half and overtime. Kentucky swept the two-game conference series with the Commodores (8-14, 2-7), as the Wildcats also won 74-67 on Jan. 13 in Nashville.
Kentucky freshman Kevin Knox added 18 points, including five points in overtime. Green added 12 points, and freshman forward Nick Richards had 10.
Kentucky was coming off a comeback victory at West Virginia on Saturday in the SEC/Big 12 Challenge. Coach John Calipari was unsure if his freshman-dominated team would use the win as a springboard or experience an emotional letdown.
The Commodores also were coming off their best win of the season, an 81-78 victory over TCU.
Kentucky got off to a decent start but fell behind midway through first half after a 10-0 Commodores run.
Vanderbilt, which recently lost senior guard Matthew Fisher-Davis to a season-ending shoulder injury, got 23 points from senior forward Jeff Roberson. Forward Joe Toye added 16 points on 7-of-11 shooting, and senior guard Riley LaChance had 13 points.
Vanderbilt held a 33-27 advantage at halftime thanks to 12 points from Roberson. The Commodores shot 44.4 percent before the break, 47.5 percent for the game.
Kentucky got six first-half points from Gilgeous-Alexander as the Wildcats shot only 37 percent, including 1-of-5 from 3-point range. For the game, Kentucky made 45.3 percent of its field-goal attempts.
There were four lead changes and two ties in the even first half.
Kentucky continues SEC play at Missouri on Saturday, the same day Vanderbilt travels to league-leading Auburn.
--Field Level Media
Vanderbilt | Kentucky | |
Jeff Roberson 23 | Scoring | Shai Gilgeous-Alexander 30 |
Riley LaChance 6 | Assists | Shai Gilgeous-Alexander 3 |
Jeff Roberson 8 | Rebounds | Kevin Knox 8 |
Jeff Roberson 10 | Free Throws Made | Nick Richards 6 |
Saben Lee 2 | Steals | PJ Washington 2 |
Clevon Brown 2 | Blocks | Nick Richards 2 |
Team | Points | FG% | 3PM-3PA | FTM-FTA | Assists | Rebounds | Blocks | Steals | Turnovers |
Vanderbilt | 81 | 47.5 | 9-25 | 16-23 | 14 | 35 | 3 | 3 | 15 |
Kentucky | 83 | 45.3 | 5-14 | 20-27 | 7 | 33 | 4 | 6 | 9 |