The Spurs' fourth straight win came after Green was inadvertently kneed below the belt by Danny Green in the second quarter, forcing him to the sidelines for the rest of the game with what was labeled a pelvic contusion.
X-rays taken at the site were negative.
With Draymond Green joining fellow All-Stars Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson and Kevin Durant out of action, the Warriors rallied from a 16-point deficit to take a 63-61 lead into the final period.
Nick Young's jumper early in the quarter put the Warriors up four before Aldridge scored 11 consecutive points, single-handedly delivering the Spurs a 72-65 advantage with 7:11 to play.
San Antonio held on from there, with Aldridge adding two hoops and four free throws to cap his 33-point night.
The Spurs held the Warriors to 12 points in the final 12 minutes. Golden State's 75-point total was its lowest of the season.
Aldridge, who hit 13 of his 22 shots, also was the game's leading rebounder with 12.
Patty Mills and Danny Green, who combined for six 3-pointers, were the only other players in double figures for the Spurs with 12 and 11 points, respectively.
San Antonio shot just 40.2 percent from the field, but held Golden State to 40.5 percent in a battle of the league's top offense (Warriors, 115.5 points per game) and top defense (Spurs, 99.3).
The 75 points allowed were the second-fewest by the Spurs this season, having held Orlando to 72 last Tuesday.
Quinn Cook, coming off consecutive career-best performances, had 20 points and a team-high five assists to lead the Warriors, who lost for the second time in three games without Curry, Thompson and Durant.
Kevon Looney had 12 points and a team-high eight rebounds, while Young and Andre Iguodala added 10 points apiece for the Warriors, who were attempting to complete a season-series sweep of the Spurs for the first time since 1997.
Draymond Green went scoreless in 12 minutes before sustaining the injury.
The Spurs sprinted from the gate to a 20-6 lead and led by as many as 16 in the second quarter before settling for a 49-41 advantage at halftime.
The Warriors never led until Looney's jumper gave them a 63-61 advantage in the final seconds of the third period.
--Field Level Media
Golden State | San Antonio | |
Quinn Cook 20 | Scoring | LaMarcus Aldridge 33 |
Quinn Cook 5 | Assists | Dejounte Murray 5 |
Kevon Looney 8 | Rebounds | LaMarcus Aldridge 12 |
Nick Young 6 | Free Throws Made | LaMarcus Aldridge 7 |
Kevon Looney 3 | Steals | LaMarcus Aldridge 1 |
JaVale McGee 3 | Blocks | LaMarcus Aldridge 2 |
Team | Points | FG% | 3PM-3PA | FTM-FTA | Assists | Rebounds | Blocks | Steals | Turnovers |
Golden State | 75 | 40.5 | 3-19 | 12-16 | 17 | 36 | 9 | 7 | 15 |
San Antonio | 89 | 40.2 | 8-23 | 15-21 | 21 | 48 | 5 | 6 | 16 |